2GR-FE (ENGINE CONTROL): SFI SYSTEM: P1604; Startability Malfunction; 2016 MY Sienna [12/2015

Last Modified: 04-05-2023	6.11:8.1.0	Doc ID: RM100000000VIBV
Model Year Start: 2016	Model: Sienna	Prod Date Range: [12/2015 - 08/2016]
Title: 2GR-FE (ENGINE CONTROL): SFI SYSTEM: P1604; Startability Malfunction; 2016 MY Sienna [12/2015 - 08/2016]

DTC

P1604

Startability Malfunction

DESCRIPTION

This DTC is stored when the engine does not start even though the STA signal is input or when the engine takes a long time to start, and when the engine speed is low or the engine stalls just after the engine starts.

Using the Techstream, the conditions present when the DTC was stored can be confirmed by referring to the freeze frame data. Freeze frame data records engine conditions when a malfunction occurs. This information can be useful when troubleshooting.

It is necessary to check if the vehicle ran out of fuel before performing troubleshooting, as this DTC is also stored when there is engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel.

DTC No.	DTC Detection Condition	Trouble Area
P1604	Either condition is met: The engine speed is below 500 rpm with the STA signal on for a certain amount of time (refer to the illustration below) (1 trip detection logic). After the engine starts (engine speed is 500 rpm or more), the engine speed drops to 200 rpm or less within approximately 2 seconds (1 trip detection logic).	Engine immobiliser system Engine assembly (excess friction, compression loss) Starter Crankshaft position sensor VVT sensor Engine coolant temperature sensor Fuel pump Fuel pump control system Fuel pipes Fuel injector assembly Throttle body with motor assembly Battery Drive plate Spark plug Ignition coil circuit Intake system Camshaft timing oil control valve assembly (for intake side of bank 1, 2) Camshaft timing oil control valve assembly (for exhaust side of bank 1, 2) Mass air flow meter Air fuel ratio sensor Valve timing Fuel Purge VSV Intake valve Exhaust valve ECM

1. Reference waveforms showing a normal cold engine start

2. Reference waveforms showing a normal warm engine start

3. Reference values when there is an air leak in the intake system during starting difficulty

Freeze Frame Data P1604 Stability Malfunction

Parameter	-3	-2	-1	0	1	Unit
Engine Speed	1625	1042	501	192	129	rpm
Calculate Load	43.1	30.5	38.8	93.3	93.3	%
Vehicle Load	9.0	16.0	28.2	34.1	29.8	%
MAF	6.01	6.67	5.64	2.62	1.54	gm/sec
Atmosphere Pressure	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	psi(gauge)
Coolant Temp	180	180	180	180	180	F
Intake Air	122	120	118	118	118	F
Battery Voltage	12.460	12.519	12.187	12.128	12.050	V
Throttle Sensor Volt %	17.6	17.6	17.6	17.2	17.2	%
Throttle Sensor #2 Volt %	50.1	50.1	50.1	49.8	49.8	%
Throttle Sensor Position	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	%
Throttle Motor DUTY	17.6	17.6	17.6	17.2	17.2	%
Injector (Port)	3770	2465	2907	3245	7608	μs
Injection Volum (Cylinder1)	0.000	0.199	0.199	0.199	0.199	ml
Fuel Pump/Speed Status	ON	ON	ON	ON	ON
EVAP (Purge) VSV	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	%
EVAP Purge Flow	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	%
Purge Density Learn Value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
EVAP Purge VSV	OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF
Purge Cut VSV Duty	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	%
Target Air-Fuel Ratio	0.889	0.913	0.920	0.925	0.833
AF Lambda B1S1	0.998	0.998	0.998	0.998	0.998
AF Lambda B2S1	0.998	0.998	0.998	0.998	0.998
AFS Voltage B1S1	3.298	3.298	3.298	3.298	3.298	V
AFS Voltage B2S1	3.298	3.298	3.298	3.298	3.298	V
O2S B1S2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	V
O2S B2S2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	V
Short FT #1	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	%
Long FT #1	0.000	0.000	0.000	-0.782	0.000	%
Total FT #1	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Short FT #2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	%
Long FT #2	1.562	0.781	0.781	0.781	0.781	%
Total FT #2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fuel System Status #1	OLFault	OL	OL	OL	OL
Fuel System Status #2	OLFault	OL	OL	OL	OL
IGN Advance	0.0	17.5	13.5	0.0	0.0	deg
Knock Feedback Value	-3.0	-3.0	-3.0	-3.0	-3.0	deg(CA)
Knock Correct Learn Value	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1	23.1	deg(CA)
VVT Control Status #1	OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF
VVT Control Status #2	OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF
Starter Signal	OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF

WIRING DIAGRAM

CAUTION / NOTICE / HINT

HINT:

In contrast to normal malfunction diagnosis for components, circuits and systems, DTC P1604 is used to determine the malfunctioning area from the problem symptoms and freeze frame data when the user mentions problems such as starting difficulty.
As these DTCs can be stored as a result of certain user actions, even if these DTCs are output, if the customer makes no mention of problems, clear these DTCs without performing any troubleshooting and return the vehicle to the customer.
If any other DTCs are output, perform troubleshooting for those DTCs first.
When the Data List item "Immobiliser Fuel Cut" is ON, the engine cannot be started.
Read freeze frame data using the Techstream. Freeze frame data records engine conditions when a malfunction occurs. This information can be useful when troubleshooting.
When confirming the freeze frame data, be sure to check all 5 sets of freeze frame data (See page ).
When confirming freeze frame data, if there are multiple items related to the cause of the malfunction, perform troubleshooting for all related items.
Try to start the vehicle under the conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the malfunction occurred. Confirm the data at this time and compare it with the freeze frame data.
If the malfunction does not reoccur, carefully check the vehicle conditions from when the malfunction occurred using freeze frame data.
When performing inspections, jiggle the relevant wire harnesses and connectors in an attempt to reproduce malfunctions that do not always occur.
If the same inspection or replacement procedure appears 2 times when performing an inspection procedure, it is not necessary to repeat the procedure the second time.

1. Malfunction Recurrence and Inspection Areas

(a) Freeze frame data exists, but the malfunction (starting difficulty) has not reoccurred and the malfunction conditions are unknown.

(1) The engine speed recorded in the freeze frame data is 0 rpm (the engine does not crank).

HINT:

One of the following problems may be present: battery depletion, excess engine friction, a starter malfunction or a crankshaft position sensor malfunction.

If the battery voltage is less than 6 V during cranking, there is a high probability that engine friction is abnormal.
If the battery voltage drops to 5 V or less when starting the engine, the battery may be malfunctioning.
If the battery voltage fluctuates while cranking the engine, it can be concluded that cranking is being performed. When the engine speed is 0 rpm, the crankshaft position sensor and/or an ECM may be malfunctioning.

(2) All engine speeds recorded in the freeze frame data are between 60 and 250 rpm (the engine cranks but there is no combustion).

HINT:

If the engine speed is between 60 and 250 rpm (no initial combustion), there may be a wiring problem or a complete failure of an ignition or fuel system part.

Due to an engine coolant temperature sensor malfunction, the fuel injection volume is extremely high or low and the engine may not be able to be started.

(3) The engine speed recorded in the freeze frame data is 250 rpm or higher (the initial combustion and starter turnoff timing is too late).

HINT:

If the engine speed is 250 rpm or higher (combustion occurs but the initial combustion and starter turnoff timing is too late), the fuel injection volume is often incorrect (too low or too high) and determining the cause of the malfunction is often difficult.

Due to an engine coolant temperature sensor malfunction, the fuel injection volume is extremely high or low and engine starting trouble may occur.
If Long FT #1 is incorrect, there may be a fuel supply problem due to the injectors or fuel pump being clogged, etc.
If the engine cranking speed is too high, compression loss may have occurred due to carbon interfering with the valve operation.

(b) When the malfunction (starting difficulty) can be reproduced, or malfunction conditions are known, perform the following inspections ("Problem symptoms" and "Systems to inspect")

(1) Problem symptoms

The engine does not crank.
HINT:

The starter is normal if a noise that indicates the starter pinion gear is extending is heard. The battery may be fully depleted or there may be excess engine friction.
The engine cranking speed is abnormal.
HINT:

If the engine cranking speed is too high (for example, 300 rpm or higher with no combustion), compression loss may have occurred because carbon interfered with valve operation, etc.
There is no initial combustion.
HINT:

If there is no initial combustion, there is probably a wiring problem or an ignition or fuel system part malfunction.
The engine stalls after starter turnoff.
HINT:

If the engine stalls after starter turnoff, the air fuel ratio may be incorrect or the VVT may have a problem returning.
The initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late.
HINT:

If the initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late, the fuel injection volume is probably incorrect (too low or too high).

HINT:

Causes of fuel system malfunctions according to conditions present at the time of the malfunction.
- When 2 to 3 minutes have elapsed after stopping the engine: Fuel pressure loss due to the pressure regulator failing to maintain the fuel pressure.
- When 15 to 120 minutes have elapsed after stopping the engine: Problem with injector fuel seal.
- When a long time has elapsed after stopping the engine: Pressure regulator is stuck open.

(2) Systems to inspect.

Intake system
Ignition system
Fuel system

2. INSPECTION FLOW

(a) Freeze frame data exists, but the malfunction (starting difficulty) has not reoccurred and the malfunction conditions are unknown.

Freeze Frame Data Item	Result	Suspected Area	Procedure
Engine Speed	0 rpm (no engine cranking at all)	Battery fully depleted Engine assembly (excess friction) Starter Crankshaft position sensor ECM	4 to 9
	60 to 250 rpm (engine cranks but no initial combustion*1)	Fuel pump control system Ignition system Engine immobiliser system Engine coolant temperature sensor Fuel injection system	10 to 14
	250 rpm or higher (combustion occurs but initial combustion and starter turnoff*2 occur late)	Engine assembly (compression loss) Fuel injection system Fuel pump control system	15 to 24

HINT:

*1: First combustion after cranking begins.
*2: Condition when engine speed increases and starter can be turned off.

(b) When the malfunction (starting difficulty) can be reproduced, or when malfunction conditions are known.

(1) Problem symptoms

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Suspected Component	Procedure
The engine does not crank	Battery malfunction	Battery fully depleted	26 to 31
	Starting system	Starter (includes pinion gear wear or tooth damage) Starting system
	Engine assembly	Engine assembly (excess friction) Drive plate wear or tooth damage
Cranking speed too low	Battery malfunction	Battery fully depleted	32 to 34
	Starting system	Starter assembly
	Engine assembly	Engine assembly (excess friction)
Cranking speed too high	Engine assembly	Engine assembly (compression loss)
There is no initial combustion	Fuel supply problem	Cannot maintain pressure due to pressure regulator malfunction Fuel injector assembly leak Fuel leak from fuel line Fuel pump control system Fuel pump	35 to 50
	Immobiliser system	Engine immobiliser system
	Ignition system malfunction	Spark plug Crankshaft position sensor Ignition coil assembly
Engine stalls after starter turnoff	Air suction	Intake system connections	51 to 57
	Deposits in throttle body	Throttle body with motor assembly
	VVT valve does not return properly	Camshaft timing oil control valve
	Mass air flow meter malfunction	Mass air flow meter
The initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late	Engine coolant temperature sensor malfunction	Engine coolant temperature sensor	58 to 71
	Mass air flow meter malfunction	Mass air flow meter
	Abnormal A/F learning value	Air fuel ratio sensor
	Deviation from fuel injection characteristics	Fuel injector assembly
	Wet-fouled or dry-fouled spark plug	Spark plug
	Lack of fuel pressure	Fuel pump Fuel pump control system

(2) Systems to inspect.

Troubleshooting by System	Suspected Area	Suspected Component	Procedure
Fuel system troubleshooting A	Abnormal A/F learning value	Fuel injector assembly	88 to 95 96 to 103
	Rough idling	Crankshaft position sensor
	Abnormal fuel pressure	Fuel Fuel leak from fuel line Fuel pump
Fuel system troubleshooting B	Abnormal concentration of HC in surge tank	Purge VSV system Fuel injector assembly	104 to 106
Fuel system troubleshooting C	Injection signal system malfunction	Fuel injector assembly Crankshaft position sensor VVT sensor ECM	73 to 77
Intake system troubleshooting	Difference between ISC target value and opening angle when idling	Engine assembly (compression loss) Valve timing Engine coolant temperature sensor ECM	85 to 87 107 to 109
Ignition system troubleshooting	VVT sensor and/or crankshaft position sensor signal malfunction	Crankshaft position sensor system (including sensor installation) VVT sensor system (including sensor installation) ECM	78 to 84 110 to 116

NOTICE:

Inspect the fuses for circuits related to this system before performing the following inspection procedure.
After turning ignition switch off, waiting time may be required before disconnecting the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal. Therefore, make sure to read the disconnecting the cable from the negative (-) battery terminal notices before proceeding with work (See page ).

HINT:

Read freeze frame data using the Techstream. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can help determine if the vehicle was moving or stationary, if the engine was warmed up or not, if the air fuel ratio was lean or rich, and other data from the time the malfunction occurred.
Bank 1 refers to the bank that includes the No. 1 cylinder.
Bank 2 refers to the bank that does not include the No. 1 cylinder.

PROCEDURE

1.	CHECK ANY OTHER DTCS OUTPUT AND RECORD FREEZE FRAME DATA

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Read the DTCs and record the Freeze Frame Data.

HINT:

This freeze frame data shows the actual engine conditions when engine starting trouble occurred.
When confirming the freeze frame data, be sure to check all 5 data sets of freeze frame data.
The fourth set of freeze frame data is the data recorded when the DTC is stored.

Text in Illustration

*a	DTC is stored
*b	0.5 seconds
*c	Freeze frame data recorded point

Result

Result	Proceed to
Only DTC P1604 is output	A
DTCs other than P1604 are output	B

GO TO DTC CHART

2.	CHECK ENGINE IMMOBILISER SYSTEM

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Immobiliser Fuel Cut.

(e) Read the value displayed on the Techstream.

OK:

Immobiliser Fuel Cut is OFF

Result

Proceed to

(w/o Smart Key System)

(w/ Smart Key System)

HINT:

If the engine is started immediately after reconnecting the battery terminal, the engine may stall immediately after it starts due to the intercommunication process between each ECU. For this reason, when starting the engine after reconnecting the battery terminal, first turn the ignition switch to ON and then wait several seconds for the communication process to complete before starting the engine.
When this operation causes DTC P1604 to be stored, this is due to normal operation of the immobiliser system and does not indicate a malfunction, so clear the DTC and return the vehicle to the customer.

REPAIR ENGINE IMMOBILISER SYSTEM (W/O SMART KEY SYSTEM)

REPAIR ENGINE IMMOBILISER SYSTEM (W/ SMART KEY SYSTEM)

3.	CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION

(a) Confirm the problem symptoms.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Freeze frame data exists, but the starting difficulty cannot be reproduced and it is unknown what kind of starting difficulty occurred	A
The problem symptoms can be reproduced, or the malfunction conditions are known	B

GO TO STEP 25

4.	READ FREEZE FRAME DATA

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(c) Using the Techstream, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored (See page ).

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item		Suspected Area	Proceed to
Engine Speed	Battery Voltage	Suspected Area	Proceed to
All 5 sets of freeze frame data are 0 rpm (no engine cranking at all)	Minimum voltage is less than 5 V	Battery fully depleted	A
	Minimum voltage is 5 V or higher	Starter malfunction Crankshaft position sensor system Excess engine friction ECM	B
60 to 250 rpm (engine cranks but no initial combustion)	-	Fuel pump control system Ignition system Engine coolant temperature sensor Fuel injection system	C
250 rpm or higher (combustion occurs but initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late)	-	Engine assembly Fuel injection system Fuel pump control system	D

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Low Rev for Eng Start	Suspected Area	Proceed to
ON exists	Intake system connections Throttle body with motor assembly Camshaft timing oil control valve assembly (for intake side of bank 1, 2) Camshaft timing oil control valve assembly (for exhaust side of bank 1, 2) Mass air flow meter	E

HINT:

When DTC P1604 is stored, either "Engine Start Hesitation"*1 or "Low Rev for Eng Start"*2 in the Freeze Frame Data will be ON. If "Low Rev for Eng Start" is ON, proceed to E.

*1: This value turns ON when the engine speed does not reach a certain value for a certain period of time when starting the engine.

*2: This value turns ON when the engine stalls immediately after starting the engine. If "Low Rev for Eng Start" is ON, as there is a possibility that the low engine speed or engine stall was caused by the user, confirm the following freeze frame data items.

Immobiliser Fuel Cut
Engine Speed (Starter Off)
Shift SW Status (R, D Range)

CHARGE OR REPLACE BATTERY

GO TO STEP 10

GO TO STEP 15

GO TO STEP 51

5.	READ FREEZE FRAME DATA

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(c) Using the Techstream, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored (See page ).

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item

Result

Suspected Area

Proceed to

Battery Voltage

Minimum voltage is 6 V or higher and voltage does not fluctuate*1

Starter system

A*5

B*6

Minimum voltage is 6 V or higher and voltage fluctuates*2, *3

Crankshaft position sensor system
ECM

Minimum voltage is 5 to 6 V*4

Excess engine friction
Battery fully depleted

HINT:

*1: The 5 sets of freeze frame data show approximately the same battery voltage.
*2: The 5 sets of freeze frame data show different battery voltages.
*3: If the voltage fluctuates, it can be determined that cranking is being performed. When the engine speed is 0 rpm, the crankshaft position sensor system and/or the ECM may be malfunctioning.
*4: There may be excess engine friction. Make sure that the crankshaft rotates smoothly when turning it by hand. Excess engine friction may have occurred temporarily. Remove the cylinder head cover and oil pan, and check for foreign matter such as iron fragments. If there is a malfunction or signs of a malfunction present, perform a detailed inspection by disassembling all the parts.
*5: w/o Smart key system

*6: w/ Smart key system

Text in Illustration

*a	Freeze Frame Data
*b	Voltage does not Fluctuate
*c	Voltage Fluctuates

CHECK STARTER SIGNAL CIRCUIT (W/O SMART KEY SYSTEM)

CHECK CRANKING HOLDING FUNCTION CIRCUIT (W/ SMART KEY SYSTEM)

CHECK AND REPAIR ENGINE OR BATTERY

6.	CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR INSTALLATION

(a) Check the tightening and installation condition of the crankshaft position sensor bolt.

(b) Check the connection of the crankshaft position sensor connector.

SECURELY REINSTALL CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

7.	CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Disconnect the B15 crankshaft position sensor connector.

(b) Check for oil on the connector terminals.

OK:

No oil on the terminals.

REPLACE CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

8.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B15 crankshaft position sensor connector.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B15-1 - B1-110 (NE+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B15-2 - B1-111 (NE-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B15-1 or B1-110 (NE+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B15-2 or B1-111 (NE-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

9.	INSPECT CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Replace the crankshaft position sensor (See page ).

(b) Check the engine start operation.

OK:

Malfunction has been repaired successfully.

END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

REPLACE ECM

10.	READ FREEZE FRAME DATA

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(c) Using the Techstream, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored (See page ).

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item			Suspected Area	Proceed to
Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature, Intake Air	Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature	Fuel Pump/Speed Status	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Difference between Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature and Intake Air is 10°C (18°F) or more*1	Coolant Temp is 125°C (257°F) or more, or lower than Ambient Temperature by 15°C (27°F) or more	-	Engine coolant temperature sensor	A
	Other than above	All 5 sets of freeze frame data are ON	-	B
	Other than above	At least 1 of the 5 sets of freeze frame data is OFF	Fuel pump control system	C
Difference between Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature and Intake Air is less than 10°C (18°F)*2	-	At least 1 of the 5 sets of freeze frame data is OFF	Fuel pump control system	C
	-	All 5 sets of freeze frame data are ON	-	B

HINT:

*1: A long time had not elapsed after stopping the engine.
*2: A long time had elapsed after stopping the engine.

REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR

CHECK FUEL PUMP CONTROL CIRCUIT

11.	PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP/SPEED)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Disconnect the fuel pump connector.

(d) Turn the Techstream on.

(e) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Fuel Pump/Speed.

(f) Measure the voltage according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard Voltage:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
g2-4 (B) - Body ground	Active Test is being performed	11 to 14 V

Text in Illustration

*a	Front view of wire harness connector (to Fuel Pump Connector)

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

CHECK FUEL PUMP CONTROL CIRCUIT

12.	CHECK TERMINAL VOLTAGE (FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY POWER SOURCE)

(a) Disconnect the fuel injector assembly connectors.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

Standard Voltage:

Tester Connection	Switch Condition	Specified Condition
B7-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B8-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B9-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B10-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B11-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B12-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V

Text in Illustration

*a	Front view of wire harness connector (to Fuel Injector Assembly)

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
A rapid decrease in engine speed may have been caused by a malfunction in all or multiple cylinders. (There may be an electrical malfunction in the wiring shared by all the cylinders.)

CHECK ECM POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT

13.	PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP/SPEED)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Fuel Pump/Speed.

(e) When performing the Active Test, check for fuel leakage from the fuel pipes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage are present	A
No fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage	B

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
When performing the Active Test, if there is no operating noise from the fuel pump, the fuel pump system may be malfunctioning.
Check if the vehicle ran out of fuel, as engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel is also detected.

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL LINE

14.	CHECK FUEL SYSTEM

(a) Check for foreign matter such as iron particles around the fuel pump (fuel pump, fuel pump filter, and inside the fuel tank), and for signs that the fuel pump was stuck.

Result

Result	Proceed to
There is foreign matter or signs that fuel pump was stuck	A
There is no foreign matter and no signs that fuel pump was stuck	B

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL SYSTEM

GO TO STEP 24

15.	READ FREEZE FRAME DATA

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(c) Using the Techstream, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored (See page ).

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item				Suspected Area	Proceed to
Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature, Intake Air	Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature	Long FT #1	Engine Speed	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Difference between Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature and Intake Air is 10°C (18°F) or more	Coolant Temp is 125°C (257°F) or more, or lower than Ambient Temperature by 15°C (27°F) or more	-	-	Engine coolant temperature sensor	A
	Other than above	-15% or less, or +15% or more	-	Fuel pump control system Fuel injector assembly	B
		-15 to +15%	Minimum speed is 300 rpm or more*1	Engine assembly	C
		-15 to +15%	Minimum speed is below 300 rpm	Fuel system Intake air system	D
Difference between Coolant Temp, Ambient Temperature and Intake Air is less than 10°C (18°F)	-	-15% or less, or +15% or more	-	Fuel pump control system Fuel injector assembly	B
		-15 to +15%	Minimum speed is 300 rpm or more*1	Engine assembly	C
		-15 to +15%	Minimum speed is below 300 rpm	Fuel system Intake air system	D

HINT:

*1: Compression loss may have occurred in the engine assembly.

REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR

CHECK AND REPAIR ENGINE ASSEMBLY

GO TO STEP 18

16.	INSPECT FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Check that no carbon is stuck to the fuel injector assembly.

OK:

No carbon present.

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

17.	CHECK FUEL SYSTEM

(a) Check for foreign matter such as iron particles around the fuel pump (fuel pump, fuel pump filter, and inside the fuel tank), and for signs that the fuel pump was stuck.

Result

Result	Proceed to
There is foreign matter or signs that fuel pump was stuck	A
There is no foreign matter and no signs that fuel pump was stuck	B

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL SYSTEM

GO TO STEP 24

18.	READ FREEZE FRAME DATA

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(c) Using the Techstream, confirm the vehicle conditions recorded in the freeze frame data which were present when the DTC was stored (See page ).

Result

Freeze Frame Data Item	Result	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Coolant Temp	Engine coolant temperature is 40°C (104°F) or less*1	Pressure regulator	A
	Engine coolant temperature is 40 to 90°C (104 to 194°F)*2	Fuel injector assembly	B
	Engine coolant temperature is 90°C (194°F) or more*3	Pressure regulator	A

HINT:

*1: If the engine coolant temperature is 40°C (104°F) or less (after stopping the engine and the vehicle is not driven for a long period of time), the pressure regulator may be stuck open. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

*2: If the engine coolant temperature is 40 to 90°C (104 to 194°F) (15 to 120 minutes have passed after stopping the engine), there may be fuel leaking from a fuel injector assembly.

*3: If the engine coolant temperature is 90°C (194°F) or more (2 to 5 minutes have passed after stopping the engine), there may be a problem with the pressure regulator failing to maintain the fuel pressure. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

GO TO STEP 20

19.	CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

HINT:

For the fuel pressure inspection, refer to the following procedures (See page ).

(a) Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

Standard:

147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) or higher (5 minutes after stopping the engine)

HINT:

If the engine cannot be started, read the values after cranking the engine.

Result

Result	Proceed to
NG	A
OK	B

REPLACE FUEL PUMP

GO TO STEP 24

20.	CHECK FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Clean the inside of the surge tank with compressed air.

(b) After stopping the engine, measure the HC concentration inside the surge tank for 15 minutes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
4000 ppm or higher	A
Less than 4000 ppm	B

HINT:

If the concentration is 4000 ppm or higher, a fuel injector assembly may have a sealing problem.

GO TO STEP 22

21.	INSPECT FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Inspect the fuel injector assembly (See page ).

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

22.	CHECK THROTTLE BODY WITH MOTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Check if carbon is in the air flow passage.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Carbon in passage	A
No carbon present	B

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after cleaning or repairing the throttle body with motor assembly (See page ).

CLEAN OR REPLACE THROTTLE BODY WITH MOTOR ASSEMBLY

23.	CHECK INTAKE SYSTEM

(a) Check the intake system for vacuum leak (See page ).

OK:

No leak in intake system.

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the intake system (See page ).

REPAIR OR REPLACE INTAKE SYSTEM

24.	PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

(a) Check if the engine can be started.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Engine can be started	A
Engine cannot be started	B

END

25.	CONFIRM PROBLEM SYMPTOM

(a) Confirm the problem symptoms.

HINT:

The problem symptoms below can be determined by reading the freeze frame data.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
The engine does not crank	Battery fully depleted Starter assembly (includes pinion gear wear or tooth damage) Starter system Engine assembly (excess friction) Drive plate wear or tooth damage	A
Abnormal cranking speed	Battery fully depleted Starter Engine assembly (excess friction, compression loss)	B
There is no initial combustion (combustion does not occur even once)*1	Pressure regulator fuel pressure maintenance Fuel injector assembly leak Fuel leak from fuel line Fuel pump control system Fuel pump Spark plug Crankshaft position sensor system Ignition coil system	C
The engine stalls after starter turnoff (engine stalls immediately after the first time the engine speed increases)*2	Intake system connections Throttle body with motor assembly Camshaft timing oil control valve assembly (for intake side of bank 1, 2) Camshaft timing oil control valve assembly (for exhaust side of bank 1, 2) Mass air flow meter	D
The initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late*3	Engine coolant temperature sensor Mass air flow meter Air fuel ratio sensor Fuel injector assembly Spark plug Fuel pump Fuel pump control system	E

HINT:

If there is hesitation (cranking speed is slow and combustion occurs before passing TDC) during the initial cranking period, the battery charge may be insufficient or the starter may be malfunctioning.
*1: If there is no initial combustion, a wire harness may be malfunctioning, or the ignition or fuel system may be malfunctioning.
*2: If the engine stalls after starter turnoff, the air fuel ratio may be incorrect or the camshaft timing oil control valve may have a problem returning.
*3: If the initial combustion and starter turnoff occur late, the fuel injection volume may be incorrect (too low or too high).

26.	PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

(a) When cranking the engine, check for a noise indicating that the starter pinion gear is extending, and check that the starter pinion gear is not spinning freely.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
A noise indicating that the starter pinion gear is extending is heard and the starter pinion gear is not spinning freely.*1	Battery Excess engine friction Starter	A
A noise indicating that the starter pinion gear is extending is heard but the starter pinion gear is spinning freely.	Drive plate Starter	B
A noise indicating that the starter pinion gear is extending is not heard	Battery Starter assembly Starter system	C

HINT:

*1: The battery may be fully depleted or there may be excess engine friction.

GO TO STEP 29

GO TO STEP 30

27.	INSPECT BATTERY

(a) Inspect the battery (See page ).

CHARGE OR REPLACE BATTERY

28.	CHECK ENGINE ASSEMBLY

(a) Check that the crankshaft rotates smoothly when rotating it by hand.

OK:

Crankshaft rotates smoothly.

HINT:

Excess engine friction may have occurred temporarily. Remove the cylinder head cover and oil pan, and check for foreign matter such as iron fragments. If there is a malfunction or signs of a malfunction present, perform a detailed inspection by disassembling all the parts.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the engine assembly (See page ).

INSPECT STARTER ASSEMBLY

REPAIR OR REPLACE ENGINE ASSEMBLY

29.	CHECK STARTER ASSEMBLY

(a) Remove the starter assembly (See page ).

(b) Check for starter pinion gear wear and damage.

Standard:

There is no wear or damage.

REPLACE DRIVE PLATE AND RING GEAR

REPLACE STARTER ASSEMBLY

30.	INSPECT BATTERY

(a) Inspect the battery (See page ).

CHARGE OR REPLACE BATTERY

31.	INSPECT STARTER ASSEMBLY

(a) Inspect the starter assembly (See page ).

Result

Proceed to

(w/o Smart Key System)

(w/ Smart Key System)

REPLACE STARTER ASSEMBLY

CHECK STARTER SIGNAL CIRCUIT (W/O SMART KEY SYSTEM)

CHECK CRANKING HOLDING FUNCTION CIRCUIT (W/ SMART KEY SYSTEM)

32.	PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

(a) Check the cranking speed.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Cranking speed is slow (100 rpm or less)	Battery Starter assembly Excess engine friction	A
Cranking speed is fast (300 rpm or more)*1	Engine compression loss	B

HINT:

*1: If the cranking speed is fast, there may be compression loss.

CHECK AND REPAIR ENGINE ASSEMBLY

33.	INSPECT BATTERY

(a) Inspect the battery (See page ).

CHARGE OR REPLACE BATTERY

34.	CHECK ENGINE ASSEMBLY

(a) Check that the crankshaft rotates smoothly when rotating it by hand.

OK:

Crankshaft rotates smoothly.

HINT:

Excess engine friction may have occurred temporarily. Remove the cylinder head cover and oil pan, and check for foreign matter such as iron fragments. If there is a malfunction or signs of a malfunction present, perform a detailed inspection by disassembling all the parts.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the engine assembly (See page ).

REPLACE STARTER ASSEMBLY

REPAIR OR REPLACE ENGINE ASSEMBLY

35.	CHECK FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Using a sound scope or screwdriver, check for an injector operating noise while cranking the engine.

OK:

Fuel injector assembly operating noise is heard.

GO TO STEP 48

36.	CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

(a) Check the fuel pressure (See page ).

GO TO STEP 46

37.	INSPECT SPARK PLUG AND SPARK

(a) Inspect for sparks (See page ).

GO TO STEP 41

38.	CONFIRM VEHICLE CONDITION

(a) Confirm the conditions present when the malfunction occurred based on the customer problem analysis.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
When the engine is stopped and a long time has passed, engine starting trouble occurs*1	Pressure regulator is stuck open	A
When the engine is stopped and approximately 15 to 120 minutes have passed, engine starting trouble occurs*2	Fuel injector assembly leak	B
When the engine is stopped and approximately 2 to 3 minutes have passed, engine starting trouble occurs*3	Failure to maintain fuel pressure by pressure regulator	A
Condition other than above, or there is an inconsistency in the conditions present when engine starting trouble occurs	-	C*4

HINT:

*1: The pressure regulator may be stuck open. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

*2: Fuel may be leaking from a fuel injector assembly.

*3: The pressure regulator may not be able to maintain the fuel pressure. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

*4: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting C (steps 73 to 77).

GO TO STEP 40

GO TO STEP 72

39.	CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

HINT:

For the fuel pressure inspection, refer to the following procedures (See page ).

(a) Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Less than 147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	A
147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) or higher (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	B*1

HINT:

If the engine cannot be started, check the fuel pressure after cranking the engine.
*1: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting C (steps 73 to 77).

REPLACE FUEL PUMP

GO TO STEP 72

40.	CHECK FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) After stopping the engine, measure the HC concentration inside the surge tank for 15 minutes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
4000 ppm or higher	A
Less than 4000 ppm	B*1

HINT:

If the concentration is 4000 ppm or higher, a fuel injector assembly may have a sealing problem.
*1: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting C (steps 73 to 77).
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

GO TO STEP 72

41.	INSPECT SPARK PLUG

(a) Inspect the spark plugs (See page ).

HINT:

Even if the spark plug of only one cylinder is malfunctioning, replace the spark plugs of all cylinders.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the spark plug (See page ).

REPLACE SPARK PLUG

42.	READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (ENGINE SPEED)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Engine Speed.

(e) Start the engine.

(f) While running the engine, read the [Engine Speed] value.

OK:

A value that matches the actual engine speed is constantly output.

HINT:

Check the engine speed using a line graph.
If the engine cannot be started, check the engine speed while cranking the engine.
If the engine speed is 0 rpm, the crankshaft position sensor may have an open or short circuit.

CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR CIRCUIT

43.	CHECK TERMINAL VOLTAGE (IGNITION COIL ASSEMBLY POWER SOURCE)

(a) Disconnect the ignition coil assembly connectors.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

Standard Voltage:

Tester Connection	Switch Condition	Specified Condition
B23-1 (+B) - B23-4 (GND)	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B24-1 (+B) - B24-4 (GND)	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B25-1 (+B) - B25-4 (GND)	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B26-1 (+B) - B26-4 (GND)	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B27-1 (+B) - B27-4 (GND)	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B28-1 (+B) - B28-4 (GND)	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V

Text in Illustration

*a	Front view of wire harness connector (to Ignition Coil Assembly)

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
A rapid decrease in engine speed may have been caused by a malfunction in all or multiple cylinders. (There may be an electrical malfunction in the wiring shared by all the cylinders.)

CHECK ECM POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT

44.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (IGNITION COIL ASSEMBLY - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B23, B24, B25, B26, B27 and B28 ignition coil assembly connectors.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B23-2 (IGF) - B1-104 (IGF1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B24-2 (IGF) - B1-104 (IGF1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B25-2 (IGF) - B1-104 (IGF1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B26-2 (IGF) - B1-104 (IGF1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B27-2 (IGF) - B1-104 (IGF1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B28-2 (IGF) - B1-104 (IGF1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B23-2 (IGF) or B1-104 (IGF1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B24-2 (IGF) or B1-104 (IGF1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B25-2 (IGF) or B1-104 (IGF1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B26-2 (IGF) or B1-104 (IGF1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B27-2 (IGF) or B1-104 (IGF1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B28-2 (IGF) or B1-104 (IGF1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the ignition coil assembly (See page ).

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

45.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (IGNITION COIL ASSEMBLY - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B23, B24, B25, B26, B27 and B28 ignition coil assembly connectors.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B23-3 (IGT1) - B1-40 (IGT1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B24-3 (IGT2) - B1-39 (IGT2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B25-3 (IGT3) - B1-38 (IGT3)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B26-3 (IGT4) - B1-37 (IGT4)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B27-3 (IGT5) - B1-36 (IGT5)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B28-3 (IGT6) - B1-35 (IGT6)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B23-3 (IGT1) or B1-40 (IGT1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B24-3 (IGT2) or B1-39 (IGT2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B25-3 (IGT3) or B1-38 (IGT3) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B26-3 (IGT4) or B1-37 (IGT4) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B27-3 (IGT5) or B1-36 (IGT5) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B28-3 (IGT6) or B1-35 (IGT6) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
If the wire harness is normal, after replacing the ignition coil assembly, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs again, proceed to step 72 and perform troubleshooting for the ignition system (steps 78 to 84).

REPLACE IGNITION COIL ASSEMBLY

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

46.	PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP/SPEED)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Fuel Pump/Speed.

(e) When performing the Active Test, check for an operating sound from the fuel pump.

OK:

Control the Fuel Pump/Speed	Specified Condition
ON	Operating sound heard
OFF	Operating sound not heard

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.

CHECK FUEL PUMP CONTROL CIRCUIT

47.	PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP/SPEED)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Fuel Pump/Speed.

(e) When performing the Active Test, check for fuel leakage from the fuel pipes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage are present	A
No fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage	B

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Check if the vehicle ran out of fuel, as engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel is also detected.
If there are no fuel leaks, after inspecting the fuel pump control system, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs again, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting (steps 73 to 77).

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL LINE

CHECK FUEL PUMP CONTROL CIRCUIT

48.	READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (ENGINE SPEED)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Engine Speed.

(e) Start the engine.

(f) While running the engine, read the [Engine Speed] value.

OK:

A value that matches the actual engine speed is constantly output.

HINT:

Check the engine speed using a line graph.
If the engine cannot be started, check the engine speed while cranking the engine.
If the engine speed is 0 rpm, the crankshaft position sensor may have an open or short circuit.

REPLACE CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

49.	CHECK TERMINAL VOLTAGE (FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY POWER SOURCE)

(a) Disconnect the fuel injector assembly connectors.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

Standard Voltage:

Tester Connection	Switch Condition	Specified Condition
B7-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B8-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B9-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B10-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B11-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B12-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V

Text in Illustration

*a	Front view of wire harness connector (to Fuel Injector Assembly)

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
A rapid decrease in engine speed may have been caused by a malfunction in all or multiple cylinders. (There may be an electrical malfunction in the wiring shared by all the cylinders.)

CHECK ECM POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT

50.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B7, B8, B9, B10, B11 and B12 fuel injector assembly connectors.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B7-1 - B1-86 (#10)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B8-1 - B1-109 (#20)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B9-1 - B1-85 (#30)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B10-1 - B1-108 (#40)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B11-1 - B1-84 (#50)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B12-1 - B1-107 (#60)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B7-1 or B1-86 (#10) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B8-1 or B1-109 (#20) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B9-1 or B1-85 (#30) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B10-1 or B1-108 (#40) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B11-1 or B1-84 (#50) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B12-1 - B1-107 (#60) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPLACE ECM

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

51.	INSPECT MASS AIR FLOW METER

(a) Inspect the mass air flow meter (See page ).

GO TO STEP 57

52.	CHECK INTAKE SYSTEM

(a) Check for air leaks in the intake system [vacuum hose disconnection, cracks, damaged gaskets, etc.] (See page ).

HINT:

If the accelerator pedal is released after revving the engine, the inspection is easier to perform because the vacuum inside the intake manifold increases and the air suction noise becomes louder.
If Short FT and Long FT #1 are largely different from the normal values (differ by more than 15%) when idling (intake air volume is small) and almost the same as the normal values when revving the engine (for example, when maintaining a speed of 3000 rpm) (intake air volume is high), air leakage may be present.

OK:

There is no air leakage.

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the intake system (See page ).

REPAIR OR REPLACE INTAKE SYSTEM

53.	CHECK THROTTLE BODY WITH MOTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Disconnect the B20 throttle body with motor assembly connector.

HINT:

When the connector is disconnected, the vehicle enters fail-safe mode and the throttle valve opening angle is 4 to 7°.

(b) Crank the engine and check that it starts.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Engine starts	A
Engine does not start	B

HINT:

When this inspection is performed, the MIL may illuminate. After finishing the inspection, check and clear DTCs (See page ).

GO TO STEP 55

54.	CHECK THROTTLE BODY WITH MOTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Check if carbon is in the air flow passage.

OK:

No carbon present.

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after cleaning the throttle body with motor assembly (See page ).

REMOVE FOREIGN OBJECT AND CLEAN THROTTLE BODY WITH MOTOR ASSEMBLY

55.	PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (CONTROL THE VVT LINEAR)

(a) Performing the Active Test, referring to DTC P0011 inspection procedure (See page ).

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
When the results of the inspection using the Active Test are normal but the valve operating noise is abnormal, check the valve for any signs of problems.

REPLACE CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY (FOR INTAKE SIDE)

56.	PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (CONTROL THE VVT EXHAUST LINEAR)

(a) Performing the Active Test, referring to DTC P0014 inspection procedure (See page ).

Result

Result	Proceed to
NG	A
OK	B*1

HINT:

*1: From step 72, perform intake system troubleshooting (steps 85 to 87). If engine starting trouble still occurs, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 88 to 95).
Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
When the results of the inspection using the Active Test are normal but the valve operating noise is abnormal, check the valve for any signs of problems.

REPLACE CAMSHAFT TIMING OIL CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY (FOR EXHAUST SIDE)

GO TO STEP 72

57.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (MASS AIR FLOW METER - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B4 mass air flow meter connector.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B4-5 (VG) - B1-74 (VG)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B4-4 (E2G) - B1-75 (E2G)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B4-5 (VG) or B1-74 (VG) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
If the wire harness is normal, after replacing the mass air flow meter, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs again, proceed to step 72 and perform intake system troubleshooting (steps 85 to 87). If engine starting trouble still occurs, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 88 to 95).
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the mass air flow meter (See page ).

REPLACE MASS AIR FLOW METER

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

58.	INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR

(a) Inspect the engine coolant temperature sensor (See page ).

HINT:

If the engine coolant temperature sensor is malfunctioning, after replacing it, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the engine coolant temperature sensor (See page ).

REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR

59.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B5 engine coolant temperature sensor connector.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B5-2 - B1-76 (THW)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B5-1 - B1-97 (ETHW)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B5-2 or B1-76 (THW) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
If the wire harness or connector is malfunctioning, after replacing or repairing it, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

60.	INSPECT MASS AIR FLOW METER

(a) Inspect the mass air flow meter (See page ).

HINT:

If the mass air flow meter is malfunctioning, after replacing it, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the mass air flow meter (See page ).

REPLACE MASS AIR FLOW METER

61.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (MASS AIR FLOW METER - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B4 mass air flow meter connector.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B4-5 (VG) - B1-74 (VG)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B4-4 (E2G) - B1-75 (E2G)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B4-5 (VG) or B1-74 (VG) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
If the wire harness is normal, after replacing the mass air flow meter, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs again, proceed to step 72 and perform intake system troubleshooting (steps 85 to 87). If engine starting trouble still occurs, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 88 to 95).

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

62.	READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (LONG FT #1, FT #2 - ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Long FT #1/Long FT #2 and Atmosphere Pressure.

Result

Data List Item

Result

Suspected Area

Proceed to

Long FT #1

Long FT #2

+25% or more or less than -25%

Air fuel ratio sensor
Mass air flow meter
Fuel injector assembly
ECM

Atmosphere Pressure

80 kPa or less (when altitude is 0 m)

Both Data List items listed above

Values are other than above

GO TO STEP 66

63.	PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

(a) Remove the EFI NO. 1 and ETCS fuses from the engine room relay block.

(b) After 60 seconds or more elapse, install the EFI NO. 1 and ETCS fuses.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Engine can be started	A
Engine cannot be started	B

GO TO STEP 66

64.	INSPECT AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Start the engine.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Fuel System Status #1 and Fuel System Status #2.

(e) Confirm that Fuel System Status #1 and Fuel System Status #2 are both CL.

(f) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / AF Lambda B1S1.

(g) Confirm that AF Lambda B1S1 are both within the range of 0.95 to 1.05 when idling.

(h) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Injection Volume for A/F sensor.

(i) Read the output voltage from the air fuel ratio sensor when increasing and decreasing the fuel injection volume.

Standard:

Techstream Display

Injection Volume

Specified Condition

AFS Voltage B1S1

AFS Voltage B2S1

12.5%

Air fuel ratio sensor output voltage is below 3.1 V

-12.5%

Air fuel ratio sensor output voltage is higher than 3.4 V

HINT:

The air fuel ratio sensor has an output delay of a few seconds and the heated oxygen sensor has a maximum output delay of approximately 20 seconds.
If the air fuel ratio sensor is malfunctioning, after replacing it, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the air fuel ratio sensor (See page ).

REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR

65.	PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

(a) Check if the idling speed is stable after starting the engine.

OK:

Speed is stable.

HINT:

After replacing the fuel injector assembly or mass air flow meter, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble occurs, replace the ECM. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the mass air flow meter (See page ).

REPLACE MASS AIR FLOW METER

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

66.	CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

(a) Check the fuel pressure (See page ).

GO TO STEP 71

67.	INSPECT SPARK PLUG

(a) Inspect the spark plugs (See page ).

Result

Result	Proceed to
All cylinders are normal	A
One cylinder is abnormal*1	B
All cylinders are abnormal2, 3	C

HINT:

*1: If one cylinder is abnormal, replace the spark plug of that cylinder and inspect the ignition and fuel system for that cylinder. After performing repairs, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.
*2: If all cylinders are abnormal, replace the spark plugs of all cylinders and check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.
*3: Engine starting trouble may occur if the vehicle is driven extremely short distances repeatedly.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the spark plug (See page ).

REPLACE SPARK PLUG (ABNORMAL CYLINDER)

REPLACE SPARK PLUG (ALL CYLINDER)

68.	CONFIRM VEHICLE CONDITION

(a) Confirm the conditions present when the malfunction occurred based on the customer problem analysis.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
When the engine is stopped and a long time has passed, engine starting trouble occurs*1	Pressure regulator is stuck open	A
When the engine is stopped and approximately 15 to 120 minutes have passed, engine starting trouble occurs*2	Fuel injector assembly leaks	B
When the engine is stopped and approximately 2 to 3 minutes have passed, engine starting trouble occurs*3	Failure to maintain fuel pressure by pressure regulator	A
Condition other than above, or there is an inconsistency in the conditions present when engine starting trouble occurs	-	C*4

HINT:

*1: The pressure regulator may be stuck open. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

*2: Fuel may be leaking from a fuel injector assembly.

*3: The pressure regulator may not be able to maintain the fuel pressure. Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the ability to maintain fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

*4: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.

GO TO STEP 70

GO TO STEP 72

69.	CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

HINT:

For the fuel pressure inspection, refer to the following procedures (See page ).

(a) Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Less than 147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	A
147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) or higher (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	B*1

HINT:

If the engine cannot be started, check the fuel pressure after cranking the engine.
*1: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel pump (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL PUMP

GO TO STEP 72

70.	CHECK FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Clean the inside of the surge tank with compressed air.

(b) After stopping the engine, measure the HC concentration inside the surge tank for 15 minutes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
4000 ppm or higher	A
Less than 4000 ppm	B*1

HINT:

If the concentration is 4000 ppm or higher, a fuel injector assembly may have a sealing problem.
*1: From step 72, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

GO TO STEP 72

71.	PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP/SPEED)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Fuel Pump/Speed.

(e) When performing the Active Test, check for fuel leakage from the fuel pipes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage are present	A
No fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage	B

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Check if the vehicle ran out of fuel, as engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel is also detected.
If there are no fuel leaks, after inspecting the fuel pump control system, check if engine starting trouble occurs again. If engine starting trouble still occurs, proceed to step 72 and perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL LINE

CHECK FUEL PUMP CONTROL CIRCUIT

72.	CHECK MALFUNCTION CONDITION

(a) If the malfunction could not be identified during the inspection in steps 38, 39, 40 and 47, perform fuel system troubleshooting C (steps 73 to 77).

Result

Performed Step	Troubleshooting by System	Procedure	Proceed to
Steps 38, 39, 40 and 47	Fuel system troubleshooting C	73 to 77	A

(b) If the malfunction could not be identified during the inspection in step 45, perform ignition system troubleshooting (steps 78 to 84).

Result

Performed Step	Troubleshooting by System	Procedure	Proceed to
Step 45	Ignition system troubleshooting	78 to 84	B

(c) If the malfunction could not be identified during the inspection in steps 55, 56 and 57, perform intake air system troubleshooting (steps 85 to 87). If engine starting trouble still occurs, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 88 to 95).

Result

Performed Step	Troubleshooting by System	Procedure	Proceed to
Step 55, 56, 57	Intake air system troubleshooting	85 to 87	C
Step 55, 56, 57	Fuel system troubleshooting A	88 to 95	C

(d) If the malfunction could not be identified during the inspection in steps 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 and 71, perform fuel system troubleshooting A (steps 96 to 103, fuel system troubleshooting B (steps 104 to 106), intake system troubleshooting (steps 107 to 109), and ignition system troubleshooting (steps 110 to 116), in that order.

Result

Performed Step	Troubleshooting by System	Procedure	Proceed to
Steps 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 and 71	Fuel system troubleshooting A	97 to 104	D
	Fuel system troubleshooting B	105 to 107
	Intake air system troubleshooting	108 to 110
	Ignition system troubleshooting	111 to 117

GO TO STEP 78

GO TO STEP 85

GO TO STEP 96

73.	INSPECT FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Inspect the fuel injector assembly (See page ).

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

74.	CHECK TERMINAL VOLTAGE (FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY POWER SOURCE)

(a) Disconnect the fuel injector assembly connectors.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

Standard Voltage:

Tester Connection	Switch Condition	Specified Condition
B7-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B8-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B9-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B10-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B11-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V
B12-2 - Body ground	Ignition switch ON	11 to 14 V

Text in Illustration

*a	Front view of wire harness connector (to Fuel Injector Assembly)

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.
A rapid decrease in engine speed may have been caused by a malfunction in all or multiple cylinders. (There may be an electrical malfunction in the wiring shared by all the cylinders.)

CHECK ECM POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT

75.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B7, B8, B9, B10, B11 and B12 fuel injector assembly connectors.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B7-1 - B1-86 (#10)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B8-1 - B1-109 (#20)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B9-1 - B1-85 (#30)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B10-1 - B1-108 (#40)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B11-1 - B1-84 (#50)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B12-1 - B1-107 (#60)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B7-1 or B1-86 (#10) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B8-1 or B1-109 (#20) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B9-1 or B1-85 (#30) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B10-1 or B1-108 (#40) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B11-1 or B1-84 (#50) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B12-1 - B1-107 (#60) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

76.	INSPECT CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Replace the crankshaft position sensor (See page ).

(b) Check the engine start operation.

OK:

Malfunction has been repaired successfully.

END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

77.	INSPECT VVT SENSOR

(a) Replace the VVT sensor (See page ).

(b) Check the engine start operation.

OK:

Malfunction has been repaired successfully.

END (VVT SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

REPLACE ECM

78.	CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Check the tightening and installation condition of the crankshaft position sensor bolt.

(b) Check the connection of the crankshaft position sensor connector.

OK:

Sensor is installed correctly.

SECURELY REINSTALL CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

79.	CHECK VVT SENSOR

(a) Check the tightening and installation condition of the VVT sensor bolt.

(b) Check the connection of the VVT sensor connector.

OK:

Sensor is installed correctly.

SECURELY REINSTALL VVT SENSOR

80.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B15 crankshaft position sensor connector.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B15-1 - B1-110 (NE+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B15-2 - B1-111 (NE-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B15-1 or B1-110 (NE+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B15-2 or B1-111 (NE-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

81.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (VVT SENSOR (FOR INTAKE SIDE) - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B16 and B17 VVT sensor (for intake side) connectors.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B16-1 (VVR+) - B1-90 (VV1+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B16-2 (VVR-) - B1-89 (VV1-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B16-3 (VC) - B1-67 (VCV1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B17-1 (VVL+) - B1-87 (VV2+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B17-2 (VVL-) - B1-88 (VV2-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B17-3 (VC) - B1-66 (VCV2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B16-1 (VVR+) or B1-90 (VV1+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B16-2 (VVR-) or B1-89 (VV1-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B16-3 (VC) or B1-67 (VCV1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B17-1 (VVL+) or B1-87 (VV2+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B17-2 (VVL-) or B1-88 (VV2-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B17-3 (VC) or B1-66 (VCV2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

82.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (VVT SENSOR (FOR EXHAUST SIDE) - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B36 and B37 VVT sensor (for exhaust side) connectors.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B36-1 (EX+) - B1-69 (EV1+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B36-2 (EX-) - B1-89 (VV1-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B36-3 (VC2) - B1-67 (VCV1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B37-1 (EX+) - B1-64 (EV2+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B37-2 (EX-) - B1-89 (VV1-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B37-3 (VC2) - B1-67 (VCV1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B36-1 (EX+) or B1-69 (EV1+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B36-2 (EX-) or B1-89 (VV1-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B36-3 (VC2) or B1-67 (VCV1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B37-1 (EX+) or B1-64 (EV2+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B37-2 (EX-) or B1-89 (VV1-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B37-3 (VC2) or B1-67 (VCV1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

83.	INSPECT CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Replace the crankshaft position sensor (See page ).

(b) Check the engine start operation.

OK:

Malfunction has been repaired successfully.

END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

84.	INSPECT VVT SENSOR

(a) Replace the VVT sensor (See page ).

(b) Check the engine start operation.

OK:

Malfunction has been repaired successfully.

END (VVT SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

REPLACE ECM

85.	READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (ISC LEARNING VALUE)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / ISC Learning Value.

(e) Start the engine and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature stabilizes with the A/C switch and all the accessory switches turned off.

Result

Data List Item	Result	Suspected Area	Proceed to
ISC Learning Value	(engine displacement (liters) x 0.9) or more	Valve timing Compression	A
ISC Learning Value	Less than (engine displacement (liters) x 0.9)	-	B

GO TO STEP 87

86.	CHECK CYLINDER COMPRESSION PRESSURE

(a) Check the compression (See page ).

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the engine assembly (See page ).

CHECK VALVE TIMING

REPAIR OR REPLACE ENGINE ASSEMBLY

87.	INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR

(a) Inspect the engine coolant temperature sensor (See page ).

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the engine coolant temperature sensor (See page ).

REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR

88.	CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

HINT:

For the fuel pressure inspection, refer to the following procedures (See page ).

(a) Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure when cranking the engine and after stopping the engine.

Result

Vehicle State	Specified Condition
Cranking engine	304 to 343 kPa (3.1 to 3.5 kgf/cm²)
5 minutes after stopping engine	147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) or more

GO TO STEP 94

89.	READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (LONG FT #1, FT #2)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Long FT #1 and Long FT #2.

Result

Data List Item

Result

Suspected Area

Proceed to

Long FT #1

Long FT #2

-15 to +15%

Wire harness or connector
Fuel

+15% or more, or less than -15%

Fuel injector assembly

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

90.	PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

(a) Check if the idling speed after starting the engine is currently stable and has always been stable in the past.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Current unstable idling speed or history of unstable idling speed	Crankshaft position sensor system	A
All current and past idling speeds are stable	Fuel	B

HINT:

Through the customer problem analysis, confirm the fuel being used and the location at which the fuel was added to check if the malfunction is caused by the fuel in the vehicle.

REPLACE FUEL

91.	CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Check the tightening and installation condition of the crankshaft position sensor bolt.

(b) Check the connection of the crankshaft position sensor connector.

OK:

Sensor is installed correctly.

SECURELY REINSTALL CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

92.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B15 crankshaft position sensor connector.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B15-1 - B1-110 (NE+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B15-2 - B1-111 (NE-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B15-1 or B1-110 (NE+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B15-2 or B1-111 (NE-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

93.	INSPECT CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Replace the crankshaft position sensor (See page ).

(b) Check the engine start operation.

OK:

Malfunction has been repaired successfully.

END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

REPLACE ECM

94.	PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP/SPEED)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Fuel Pump/Speed.

(e) When performing the Active Test, check for fuel leakage from the fuel pipes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
No fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage	A
Fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage are present	B

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
When performing the Active Test, if there is no operating noise from the fuel pump, the fuel pump system may be malfunctioning.
Check if the vehicle ran out of fuel, as engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel is also detected.

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL LINE

95.	INSPECT FUEL PUMP

(a) Inspect the fuel pump (See page ).

HINT:

Make sure there is no foreign matter such as iron particles on the fuel pump and no signs that the fuel pump was stuck.
Make sure the internal connector is securely connected.
Make sure the fuel pump filter is not clogged.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel pump (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR

REPLACE FUEL PUMP

96.	CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

HINT:

For the fuel pressure inspection, refer to the following procedures (See page ).

(a) Attach a fuel pressure gauge and check the fuel pressure after stopping the engine.

Result

Result	Proceed to
147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) or higher (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	A
Less than 147 kPa (1.5 kgf/cm²) (5 minutes after stopping the engine)	B

GO TO STEP 102

97.	READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (LONG FT #1, FT #2)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Long FT #1 and Long FT #2.

Result

Data List Item

Result

Suspected Area

Proceed to

Long FT #1

Long FT #2

-15 to +15%

Wire harness or connector
Fuel

+15% or more, or less than -15%

Fuel injector assembly

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

98.	PERFORM SIMULATION TEST

(a) Check if the idling speed after starting the engine is currently stable and has always been stable in the past.

Result

Problem Symptom	Suspected Area	Proceed to
Current unstable idling speed or history of unstable idling speed	Crankshaft position sensor system	A
All current and past idling speeds are stable	Fuel	B

HINT:

Through the customer problem analysis, confirm the fuel being used and the location at which the fuel was added to check if the malfunction is caused by the fuel in the vehicle.

REPLACE FUEL

99.	CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Check the tightening and installation condition of the crankshaft position sensor bolt.

(b) Check the connection of the crankshaft position sensor connector.

OK:

Sensor is installed correctly.

SECURELY REINSTALL CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

100.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B15 crankshaft position sensor connector.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B15-1 - B1-110 (NE+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B15-2 - B1-111 (NE-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B15-1 or B1-110 (NE+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B15-2 or B1-111 (NE-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

101.	INSPECT CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Replace the crankshaft position sensor (See page ).

(b) Check the engine start operation.

OK:

Malfunction has been repaired successfully.

END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

REPLACE ECM

102.	PERFORM ACTIVE TEST USING TECHSTREAM (CONTROL THE FUEL PUMP/SPEED)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Fuel Pump/Speed.

(e) When performing the Active Test, check for fuel leakage from the fuel pipes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage are present	A
No fuel leakage or signs of fuel leakage	B

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
When performing the Active Test, if there is no operating noise from the fuel pump, the fuel pump system may be malfunctioning.
Check if the vehicle ran out of fuel, as engine starting trouble due to running out of fuel is also detected.

REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL LINE

103.	INSPECT FUEL PUMP

(a) Inspect the fuel pump (See page ).

HINT:

Make sure there is no foreign matter such as iron particles on the fuel pump and no signs that the fuel pump was stuck.
Make sure the internal connector is securely connected.
Make sure the fuel pump filter is not clogged.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel pump (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL PUMP

104.	INSPECT PURGE VSV

(a) Disconnect the purge hose (on the canister side) of the purge VSV.

Text in Illustration

*1	Purge hose (to Canister)
*2	Connector
*3	Purge VSV

(b) Start the engine.

(d) Disconnect the B22 connector of the purge VSV.

(e) Check if air flows through the purge VSV.

OK:

Air does not flow.

HINT:

When this inspection is performed, the MIL may illuminate. After finishing the inspection, check and clear DTCs (See page ).

INSPECT PURGE VSV

105.	CHECK FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Clean the inside of the surge tank with compressed air.

(b) After stopping the engine, measure the HC concentration inside the surge tank for 15 minutes.

Result

Result	Proceed to
4000 ppm or higher	A
Less than 4000 ppm	B

HINT:

If the concentration is 4000 ppm or higher, a fuel injector assembly may have a sealing problem.
Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the fuel injector assembly (See page ).

REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

106.	CHECK INTAKE VALVE

(a) Check if carbon is on the intake valves.

Result

Result	Proceed to
Carbon present	A
No carbon present	B

CLEAN INTAKE VALVE

107.	READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (ISC LEARNING VALUE)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the ignition switch to ON.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / ISC Learning Value.

(e) Start the engine, turn off all accessory switches and warm up the engine until the engine coolant temperature stabilizes.

Result

Data List Item	Result	Suspected Area	Proceed to
ISC Learning Value	(engine displacement (liters) x 0.9) or more	Valve timing Compression	A
ISC Learning Value	Less than (engine displacement (liters) x 0.9)	-	B

GO TO STEP 109

108.	CHECK CYLINDER COMPRESSION PRESSURE

(a) Check the compression (See page ).

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after repairing or replacing the engine assembly (See page ).

CHECK VALVE TIMING

REPAIR OR REPLACE ENGINE ASSEMBLY

109.	INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR

(a) Inspect the engine coolant temperature sensor (See page ).

HINT:

Perform "Inspection After Repair" after replacing the engine coolant temperature sensor (See page ).

REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR

110.	CHECK CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Check the tightening and installation condition of the crankshaft position sensor bolt.

(b) Check the connection of the crankshaft position sensor connector.

OK:

Sensor is installed correctly.

SECURELY REINSTALL CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

111.	CHECK VVT SENSOR

(a) Check the tightening and installation condition of the VVT sensor bolt.

(b) Check the connection of the VVT sensor connector.

OK:

Sensor is installed correctly.

SECURELY REINSTALL VVT SENSOR

112.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B15 crankshaft position sensor connector.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B15-1 - B1-110 (NE+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B15-2 - B1-111 (NE-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B15-1 or B1-110 (NE+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B15-2 or B1-111 (NE-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

113.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (VVT SENSOR (FOR INTAKE SIDE) - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B16 and B17 VVT sensor (for intake side) connectors.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B16-1 (VVR+) - B1-90 (VV1+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B16-2 (VVR-) - B1-89 (VV1-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B16-3 (VC) - B1-67 (VCV1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B17-1 (VVL+) - B1-87 (VV2+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B17-2 (VVL-) - B1-88 (VV2-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B17-3 (VC) - B1-66 (VCV2)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B16-1 (VVR+) or B1-90 (VV1+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B16-2 (VVR-) or B1-89 (VV1-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B16-3 (VC) or B1-67 (VCV1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B17-1 (VVL+) or B1-87 (VV2+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B17-2 (VVL-) or B1-88 (VV2-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B17-3 (VC) or B1-66 (VCV2) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

114.	CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (VVT SENSOR (FOR EXHAUST SIDE) - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B36 and B37 VVT sensor (for exhaust side) connectors.

(b) Disconnect the B1 ECM connector.

Standard Resistance:

Tester Connection	Condition	Specified Condition
B36-1 (EX+) - B1-69 (EV1+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B36-2 (EX-) - B1-89 (VV1-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B36-3 (VC2) - B1-67 (VCV1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B37-1 (EX+) - B1-64 (EV2+)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B37-2 (EX-) - B1-89 (VV1-)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B37-3 (VC2) - B1-67 (VCV1)	Always	Below 1 Ω
B36-1 (EX+) or B1-69 (EV1+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B36-2 (EX-) or B1-89 (VV1-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B36-3 (VC2) or B1-67 (VCV1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B37-1 (EX+) or B1-64 (EV2+) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B37-2 (EX-) or B1-89 (VV1-) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher
B37-3 (VC2) or B1-67 (VCV1) - Body ground	Always	10 kΩ or higher

HINT:

Jiggle the wire harness and connector to increase the likelihood of detecting malfunctions that do not always occur.
Make sure there is not an excessive amount of force applied to the wire harness.

REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR

115.	INSPECT CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR

(a) Replace the crankshaft position sensor (See page ).

(b) Check the engine start operation.

OK:

Malfunction has been repaired successfully.

END (CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

116.	INSPECT VVT SENSOR

(a) Replace the VVT sensor (See page ).

(b) Check the engine start operation.

OK:

Malfunction has been repaired successfully.

END (VVT SENSOR IS DEFECTIVE)

REPLACE ECM